COMPOSITION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT PRICE BASICS AND TUTORIALS

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT COST COMPOSITION
What Is The Composition Of Civil Engineering Project Cost?


The total price of a construction project is the sum of direct costs, contingency costs, and margin. Direct costs are the labor, material, and equipment costs of project construction.

For example, the direct cost of a foundation of a building includes the following:

Costs of formwork, reinforcing steel, and concrete
Cost of labor to build and later strip the formwork, and place and finish the concrete
Cost of equipment associated with foundation activities, such as a concrete mixer

Contingency costs are those that should be added to the costs initially calculated to take into account events, such as rain or snow, that are likely to occur during the course of the project and affect overall project cost.

Although the effects and probability of occurrence of each contingency event cannot be accurately predicted, the total effect of all contingencies on project cost can be estimated with acceptable accuracy.

Margin (sometimes called markup) has three components: indirect, or distributable, costs; company-wide, or general and administrative, costs; and profit.

Indirect costs are project-specific costs that are not associated with a specific physical item. They include such items as the cost of project management, payroll preparation, receiving, accounts payable, waste disposal, and building permits.

Company-wide costs include the following:

(1) Costs that are incurred during the course of a project but are not project related; for example, costs of some portions of company salaries and rentals.

(2) Costs that are incurred before or after a project; for example, cost of proposal preparation and cost of outside auditing.

Profit is the amount of money that remains from the funds collected from the client after all costs have been paid.

UNITED KINGDOM (UK) BUILDING REGULATIONS LINK DOCUMENT A CODE

UNITED KINGDOM (UK) BUILDING REGULATIONS LINK
Document A United Kingdom Building Regulations


Use of Guidance
a. Eurocodes: an announcement is given  regarding the forthcoming introduction  of the Structural Eurocodes and their   National Annexes.

b. House construction: reference is made to the intended publication of guidance  by industry of alternative forms of house  construction to that of traditional masonry. A1 and A2 Traditional dwellings

c. The guidance on the sizing of timber floors  and roofs for traditional house construction  has been removed as the Timber Tables  are now published by TRADA. However,  the TRADA Tables are referenced under Section 2B.

d. A revised map of basic wind speeds in  accordance with BS6399:Part 2 replaces  the superseded map which was based on  BS CP3 Chapter V.

e. Stainless steel cavity wall ties have  been specified to all houses regardless  of their location.

f. The guidance on masonry walls to dwellings  has been extended to enable the rules to be  applicable when using either the appropriate  British Standards or the emerging BS EN CEN  Standards.

g. The guidance on concrete foundations to  houses has been revised to align with the  recommendations given in the British  Standards and other authoritative guidance.  Recommendations on minimum foundation depths have also been included to counter   the impact of predicted climate changes.

h. The guidance on the design and construction  of domestic garages has been extensively  updated to reflect modern practice.

APPROVED DOCUMENTS
The following documents have been approved  and issued by the First Secretary of State for the   purpose of providing practical guidance with  respect to the requirements of the Building  Regulations 2010.

Approved Document A: Structure  2004 edition incorporating 2010 amendments

Approved Document B (Fire safety) – Volume   1: Dwellinghouses 2006 edition incorporating 2010 amendments

Approved Document B (Fire safety) – Volume  2: Buildings other than dwellinghouses  2006 edition incorporating 2007 and 2010  amendments

Approved Document C: Site preparation and  resistance to contaminants and moisture  2004 edition incorporating 2010 amendments

Approved Document D: Toxic substances  1992 edition incorporating 2002 and 2010 amendments

Approved Document E: Resistance to the  passage of sound  2003 edition incorporating 2004 and 2010 amendments

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