What Is Surveying and What Are The
Objects And Uses Of Surveying?
Surveying is the art of making
measurements of objects on, above or beneath the ground to show their
relative positions on paper. The relative position required is either
horizontal, or vertical, or both.
Less precisely the term Surveying is
used to the measurement of objects in their horizontal positions.
Measurements to deteremine their relative vertical positions is known
as levelling.
OBJECT AND USES OF SURVEYING
As stated in the definition, object of
surveying is to show relative positions of various objects of an area
on paper and produce plan or map of that area. Various uses of
surveying are listed below:
(i) Plans prepared to record property
lines of private, public and government lands help in avoiding
unnecessary controversies.
(ii) Maps prepared for marking
boundaries of countries, states, districts etc., avoid disputes.
(iii) Locality plans help in
identifying location of houses and offices in the area.
(iv) Road maps help travellers and
tourist.
(v) Topographic maps showing natural
features like rivers, streams, hills, forests help in planning
irrigation projects and flood control measures.
(vi) For planning and estimating
project works like roads, bridges, railways, airports, water supply
and waste water disposal surveying is required.
(vii) Marine and hydrographic survey
helps in planning navigation routes and harbours.
(viii) Military survey is required for
strategic planning.
(ix) Mine surveys are required for
exploring minearl wealth.
(x) Geological surveys are necessary
for determining different strata in the earth crust so that proper
location is found for reservoirs.
(xi) Archeological surveys are useful
for unearthing relics of antiquity.
(xii) Astronomical survey helps in the
study of movements of planets and for calculating local and standard
times.
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